B) process specifications diagrams. 24) A bank has reworked its mortgage application process so that several steps are handled by computer software, and some steps are combined to reduce bottlenecks in processing. The goal is to gradually improve its efficiency over time. This is an example of A) automation. B) rationalization of procedures.

The input for object-oriented design is provided by the output of object-oriented analysis. Both analysis and design can be performed incrementally, and the artifacts can be continuously grown instead of completely developed in one shot. The code is tested at various levels in software testing. Unit, system, and user acceptance tastings are often performed. This is a grey area as many different opinions exist as to what the stages of testing are and how much, if any iteration occurs. Iteration is not generally part of the waterfall model, but the means to rectify defects and validate fixes prior to deployment is incorporated into this phase.

53) CASE tools automate A) documentation. C) creating data dictionaries. 20) Systems development activities always take place in sequential order.

48) To show each level of a system’s design, its relationship to other levels, and its place in the overall design structure, structured methodologies use A) structure charts. These design elements are intended to describe the system in sufficient detail, such that skilled developers and engineers may develop and deliver the system with minimal additional input design. Several systems development frameworks have been partly based on SDLC, such as the structured systems analysis and design method produced for the UK government Office of Government Commerce in the 1980s. In project management a project can be defined both with a project life cycle and an SDLC, during which slightly different activities occur.

Work Breakdown Structured Organization

43) Changes in hardware, software, documentation, or production to a production system to correct errors, meet new requirements, or improve processing efficiencies are termed A) compliance. 29) https://globalcloudteam.com/ In order, what are the first three steps in BPM? Identifying processes for change, 2. Analyzing existing processes, 3. Analyzing existing processes, 2. Identifying processes for change, 3.

41) In a parallel conversion strategy, the new system A) is tested by an outsourced company. 12) CASE tools facilitate the creation of clear documentation and the coordination of team development efforts. 3) Failure to address properly the organizational changes surrounding the introduction of a new system can cause the demise of an otherwise good system. Not every project will require that the phases be sequentially executed; however, the phases are interdependent. Depending upon the size and complexity of the project, phases may be combined or may overlap.

C) tests each program separately. D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting. 39) System testing A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system. 38) Unit testing A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system.

Systems Analysis And Design

This stage includes the development of detailed designs that brings initial design work into a completed form of specifications. This work includes the specification of interfaces between the system and its intended environment and a comprehensive evaluation of the systems logistical, maintenance and support requirements. The detail design and development is responsible for producing the product, process and material specifications and may result in substantial changes to the development specification.

45) The primary tool for representing a system’s component processes and the flow of data between them is the A) data dictionary. B) process specifications diagram. The conceptual design stage is the stage where an identified need is examined, requirements for potential solutions are defined, potential solutions are evaluated and a system specification is developed.

It is critical for the project manager to establish and monitor control objectives during each SDLC phase while executing projects. Control objectives help to provide a clear statement of the desired result or purpose and should be used throughout the entire SDLC process. Control objectives can be grouped into major categories , and relate to the SDLC phases as shown in the figure. The system development life cycle framework provides a sequence of activities for system designers and developers to follow. It consists of a set of steps or phases in which each phase of the SDLC uses the results of the previous one.

• C) the ubiquity of the Internet.
• SAD can be leveraged to set the correct balance among competing high-level requirements in the functional and non-functional analysis domains.
• 38) Unit testing A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system.
• D) do not incorporate methods for testing.
• 2) Rationalization of procedures describes a radical rethinking of the business models.
• In project management a project can be defined both with a project life cycle and an SDLC, during which slightly different activities occur.

SAD can be leveraged to set the correct balance among competing high-level requirements in the functional and non-functional analysis domains. System analysis and design interact strongly with distributed enterprise architecture, enterprise I.T. Architecture, and business architecture, and relies heavily on concepts such as partitioning, interfaces, personae and roles, and deployment/operational modeling to arrive at a high-level system description.

Production And Construction

B) tools to automate business processes. C) tools to identify and document business processes. D) tools to test the security of business processes. 23) Business processes are analyzed, simplified, and redesigned in A) business process redesign. The SDLC phases serve as a programmatic guide to project activity and provide a flexible but consistent way to conduct projects to a depth matching the scope of the project. Each of the SDLC phase objectives are described in this section with key deliverables, a description of recommended tasks, and a summary of related control objectives for effective management.

Once a system has been stabilized through adequate testing, the SDLC ensures that proper training on the system is performed or documented before transitioning the system to its support staff and end users. The design stage takes as its initial input the requirements identified in the approved requirements document. For each requirement, a set of one or more design elements will be produced as a result of interviews, workshops, and/or prototype efforts.

Tools

Other models, such as anamorphic development, tend to focus on a form of development that is guided by project scope and adaptive iterations of feature development. 46) An entire information system is broken down into its subsystems by using A) high-level data flow diagrams. B) low-level data flow diagrams. Baselines are an important part of the systems development life cycle. These baselines are established after four of the five phases of the SDLC and are critical to the iterative nature of the model . Each baseline is considered as a milestone in the SDLC.

Conceptual Design

The WBS format is mostly left to the project manager to establish in a way that best describes the project work. Production environment, where systems finally get deployed for final use by their intended end users. 13) The oldest method for building information systems is prototyping.

C) automation, rationalization, reengineering, and paradigm shift. D) automation, redesigning, restructuring, and paradigm shift. 8) A data flow diagram offers a logical and graphical model of information flow, partitioning a system into modules that show manageable levels of detail. The conceptual model that results from OOA will typically consist of a set of use cases, one or more UML class diagrams, and a number of interaction diagrams. It may also include some kind of user interface mock-up. The goal of analysis is to determine where the problem is, in an attempt to fix the system.

5) In component-based development, applications are developed one small portion at a time, with each portion able to function independently. To manage and control any SDLC initiative, each project will be required to establish some degree of a work breakdown structure to capture and schedule the work necessary to complete the project. The WBS and all programmatic material should be kept in the “project description” section of the project notebook.

Operations And Maintenance

D) business process redesign. During this stage of the system lifecycle, subsystems that perform the desired system functions are designed and specified in compliance with the system specification. Interfaces between subsystems are defined, as well as overall test and evaluation requirements. At the completion of this stage, a development specification is produced that is sufficient to perform detailed design and development. Object-oriented analysis is the process of analyzing a task , to develop a conceptual model that can then be used to complete the task. A typical OOA model would describe computer software that could be used to satisfy a set of customer-defined requirements.

In Other Projects

17) Responsive Web design enables Web sites to change layouts according to the user’s screen size. 9) A structure chart is a bottom-up chart, showing each level of design, its relationship to other levels, and its place in the overall design structure. 6) The system is not in production until conversion is complete. 50) In an object-oriented development framework for a university, how would the classes Degree, Mathematics, and Physics be related? A) Degree would be a sister class to Mathematics and Physics. B) Degree is a superclass to Mathematics and Physics.

57) As a technical project manager, you have decided to propose implementing a prototyping methodology for a small Web-based design project. What is the order of steps you will follow in this project? A) Develop the prototype; use the prototype; revise and enhance the prototype. B) Identify user requirements, develop the prototype, use the prototype, revise and enhance the prototype. C) Define the requirements, develop solutions, select the best prototype, and implement the prototype. D) Define the requirements, develop the prototype, revise and enhance the prototype.

33) Systems design A) describes what a system should do to meet information requirements. B) shows how the new system will fulfill the information requirements. C) identifies which users need what information, where, when and how. D) is concerned with the logical view of the system solution. 16) End-user-developed systems can be completed more rapidly than those developed through the conventional systems lifecycle. 11) Object-oriented development is more incremental than traditional structured development.

The system specification represents the technical requirements that will provide overall guidance for system design. Because this document determines all future development, the stage cannot be completed until a conceptual design review has determined that the system specification properly addresses the motivating need. 49) In object-oriented development A) the class is used as the basic unit of systems analysis and design. B) an object is a collection of data that is acted on by external processes. C) processing logic resides within objects.

59) A systems building approach in which the system is developed as successive versions, each version reflecting requirements more accurately, is described to be A) end-user oriented. 37) The entire system-building effort is driven by A) organizational change. C) the information value chain. D) user information requirements. 21) The four kinds of structural organizational change enabled by IT, in order from least to most risky, are A) rationalization, automation, reengineering, and redesigning. B) rationalization, automation, reengineering, and paradigm shift.

C) Mathematics and Physics would be ancestors to Degree. D) Degree would be a subclass to Mathematics and Physics. A) It allows one Web site to serve different platforms, such as tablets, PCs, and mobile phones. in what stage of systems development are design specifications created? 26) The idea that the achievement of quality control is an end in itself describes a main concept of A) BPM. B) BPR. C) six sigma. 4) TQM describes the measurement of quality as 3.4 defects per million.

62) Fourth-generation tools cannot replace conventional development tools because they A) cannot handle large numbers of transactions or extensive procedural logic. B) are not designed to integrate with legacy systems. C) do not incorporate methods for documentation. D) do not incorporate methods for testing.